Comments:Cf. perhaps also Chuv. pora 'сруб'. See UEW 4, 347. The Kor. form can be formally analysed as derived from pằrằ- 'to plaster', but this is probably a result of secondary reinterpretation (see under *píla).
Comments:KW 1, Poppe 52, VEWT 5 (Turk.-Mong.; but the Kor. parallel listed there - patak 'bottom, foundation' - should be rather compared with TM *pata 'id.', see *p`ắt`à(-kV)), АПиПЯЯ 282, Лексика 288. Despite TMN 4, 266 Mong. cannot be < Turk. Further Nostr. parallels (PIE *ped- 'foot' etc.) see in МССНЯ, 368.
Comments:One of the common Altaic "Verba des Schlagens", with a rather uncertain semantics. The basic meaning seems to be "rub off, peel off", whence "break, tear into small pieces" etc. MMong. xa'ut- may reflect the same derivative as PT *ajɨt-, PA *p`ajo-t`V.
Comments:A Turk.-Tung. isogloss. Original vowel length is not quite clear: in Turkic the reconstruction is based only on the absence of pharyngealization in Tuva-Tof., while in TM critical evidence is lacking from Evk. and Nan. {WMo elberi- 'to respect or honour parents or elders'.}.
Comments:Poppe 11, 77, 78-79, Цинциус 1984, 32-33, Ramstedt 1916, 3, Lee 1958, 108, Лексика 555, Rozycki 74. The root is frequently quoted, but indeed rather problematic (cf. TMN 2, 40-41). If the Mong. form is *aral (accounting for the HY and South Mong. evidence), and the Turkic form is borrowed from a different source, all we are left with are the Tungus and Korean forms - which, however, are difficult to explain as loans.
Comments:The root is very similar phonetically to *p`ắt`à(-kV) 'bottom, lower side' and the two roots could in fact have influenced each other in Turkic and Japanese. The TM languages, however, clearly oppose them. The TM evidence may indeed point to a different second vowel in 'fish fin' - perhaps a reconstruction like *p`átì(kV) would be more plausible; in the latter case the -a-vocalism in Jpn. would be secondary, under the influence of *p`ắt`à(-kV) 'bottom'.
Comments:EAS 52, KW 1, Poppe 11, 50, Цинциус 1984, 35, 36, Lee 1958, 109, АПиПЯЯ 70, Дыбо 317, Лексика 252-253, Rozycki 75. In Kor. cf. perhaps also MKor. pǝ̀thǝ́ŋ 'step (of stairs)', ptɨ́r 'staircase', 'yard'. The original meaning was no doubt 'bottom', 'bottom side', with a subsequent development > 'bottom of hand or foot' > 'sole, palm' in the Western Altaic region. In Turkic and Mongolian such a semantic change was probably favoured by a contamination with yet another PA root, *p`et`V 'to pinch' (q. v.), so that the final meaning resulted in 'take a handful, clutch'.
Comments:Korean has a frequent vowel loss between two stops (which occurred before *-d- > -r- and thus explains medial -t-). Correspondences are regular except for the aberrant high tone in Jpn.
